The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship among input structure, international trade of intermediate goods, and international competitiveness at aggregate and sector levels using input-output (IO) tables and IO analysis. We used the IO tables of 66 countries included in the 2021 Edition of OECD’s Input-Output Database (IO-DB), and we observed that IO tables and IO analysis can be useful in understanding the above-mentioned relationships. We found that IO analysis, in particular input structures and impact of final demand on value-added, provides useful hints and intuition about recent trends in international trade and the way countries utilize the global production network.